An Unbiased View of KGW Crystal
An Unbiased View of KGW Crystal
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Although ytterbium-doped laser obtain media commonly show a small quantum defect, ytterbium-doped tungstates permit for especially smaller values. As an example, a 1030-nm Yb:YAG laser would Generally be pumped close to 940 nm, whereas Yb:KGW or Yb:KYW can be most competently pumped all around 981 nm.
For many applications, tungstates supply a combination of several valuable Qualities. In particular for passive method locking, ytterbium-doped double tungstates are sometimes exceptional to other media when it comes to The mix of substantial achieve bandwidth, massive cross-sections, and relatively excellent thermal Qualities �?Though in Just about every unique self-discipline improved products might be uncovered.
Along with its use being a Raman crystal, KGW is likewise Utilized in other optical programs, for example in laser methods and like a scintillator in medical imaging.
The monoclinic crystal structures brings about a natural birefringence, assisting to stay away from thermally induced polarization rotation and depolarization loss.
The calculated Lower-off wavelengths with the brief-wavelength facet are in keeping with the general craze of blue-shifted spectral broadening about the bandgap of nonlinear product. The many nonlinear materials generated sensible purple-shifted spectral broadenings below conditions of best pump pulse energies, with the largest purple-shift exceeding 2000 nm measured in GGG crystal. Our benefits discovered that GGG and BGO (which also had the bottom supercontinuum generation threshold) give sturdy, optical harm-no cost effectiveness at a laser repetition charge of two hundred kHz, suggesting that these components are great solutions to YAG and KGW for low threshold, significant ordinary energy supercontinuum generation during the close to- and brief-wave infrared spectral ranges. We also shown that scintillating Attributes of bulk supplies may be conveniently studied during the filamentation regime, through multiphoton excitation using close to-infrared femtosecond laser pulses.
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Lastly, we investigated the lengthy-term performances of SC technology in crystal samples under optimal pumping conditions at larger laser repetition costs. In doing this, the crystal samples weren't translated and held in the stationary placement with respect towards the pump beam in the course of the complete measurement. The examples illustrating robust long-time period performances of SC era in KGW and YAG crystals at large laser repetition prices might be uncovered elsewhere. Extra specially, stable overall performance of KGW crystal at two MHz pulse repetition price less than extremely similar pump beam concentrating geometry was noted recently30, While YAG crystal shown secure functionality for quite a few hours at 200 kHz pulse repetition level even with extremely tight concentrating of the pump beam (NA=0.085)32. The lengthy-term efficiency exams in LSO, LYSO and YSO discovered gradual narrowing of your SC spectra over the extensive-wavelength facet that happened right after a particular exposure time and could be attributed towards the optical degradation of such products. As an example, in LSO, the onset of spectral narrowing was observed just after (sim 20) minutes in a laser repetition price of 10 kHz, whilst in a laser repetition amount of twenty kHz, steady SC technology performance was noticed just for approximately two min.
Thermal consequences are noticeably smaller in KGW. This combined with the superior damage threshold make the crystal a wonderful applicant for ability scaling. Evaluating Ba(NO3)2 and KGW for Raman software Ba(NO3)two are more practical in case of ns pulses and KGW �?in case of ps pulses.
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The Martinez stretcher stretched the seed pulses to ~250 ps with 1600 grooves/mm grating. The enter from the stretcher (incident angle: fifty two°) Which from the compressor incident for the grating have been from the very same aspect; therefore, a slight angular tuning with the grating could be created to get the best compression outcome. While in the compressor, the enter angle to the grating and the distance involving the translation phase (S1) and the transmission grating (TG) were being meant to compensate for that stretcher dispersion and all dispersion launched via the products.
Tungstates are inclined to obtain high Raman coefficients (�?Raman scattering). Consequently, they are able to make considerable Raman achieve at moderate optical intensities. It is feasible to use the laser crystal by itself as a Raman converter.
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An example of this kind of conduct is demonstrated in Fig. 7a. The character of spectral variations is highlighted in Fig. 7d, which shows how the SC spectrum within the lengthy-wavelength facet shrinks noticeably, from 1800 nm to 1450 nm, just after 8 minutes of publicity time in a very stationary sample. LT crystal demonstrated considerably greater lengthy-time period performance: at pulse repetition fees of approximately 100 kHz no narrowing on both facet in the SC spectrum was detected. Nevertheless, immediate narrowing of your SC spectrum in LT crystal was observed right after the first 5 minutes of operation when the heart beat repetition rate was set at 200 kHz (facts not shown). In contrast to the above elements, BGO and GGG shown excellent SC technology performances without any spectral improvements in a pulse repetition charge of two hundred kHz, as attested by the time series of SC spectra in BGO and GGG, demonstrated in Fig. 7b and c, respectively. Figure 7e and more info f outline similar designs of SC spectra at the start and at the end of 1 hour-lasting measurement in equally products.